Who Is an Astronaut?
2021-06-01
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1As more companies start selling tickets to travel into space, people are asking: Who gets to call themselves an astronaut?
2It is no longer an easy question to answer.
3People who are very rich are able to pay to go into space.
4Russian space officials have been calling them spaceflight participants for many years.
5The new supervisor of the U.S. space agency NASA is Bill Nelson.
6He does not consider himself an astronaut although he spent six days in space in 1986. He was a congressman then.
7He told The Associated Press that he believes the term "astronaut" should be for professionals.
8Richard Garriott is a computer game developer.
9He paid a lot of money for his trip to the International Space Station in 2008 on a Russian spacecraft.
10He hates the term space tourist.
11He said in an email, "I am an astronaut."
12He said he trained for two years to go into space.
13Axiom Space's Michael Lopez-Alegria is a former NASA astronaut.
14He will join three businessmen on a SpaceX spacecraft on a trip to the space station planned for January.
15They each paid $55 million for the trip.
16Lopez-Alegria said they do not consider themselves space tourists since they will be doing research.
17Recently, Axiom Space said there will be a second flight to the space station next year.
18Peggy Whitson will be on that flight.
19She is a retired NASA astronaut who has spent 665 days in space.
20Whitson will bring John Shoffner.
21He is a businessman and race car driver from Knoxville, Tennessee.
22He is also paying about $55 million.
23Shoffner said he asked Peggy to make the training difficult for him.
24He said, "Make me an astronaut."
25The word astronaut comes from the Greek words for star and sailor.
26The idea is easy to market and astronauts appear in movies and popular culture.
27Jeff Bezos is the owner of the rocket company, Blue Origin.
28It will call future clients "astronauts."
29It is selling a place on its first spaceflight with people, planned for July.
30NASA even has a new term for this kind of trip: PAM for Private Astronaut Mission.
31Many individuals want to work as astronauts.
32More than 12,000 people applied to join NASA's upcoming class.
33Only about 12 will be chosen in December.
34But many passengers are expected to travel into space soon.
35There will be Russian actress and movie director, Yulia Peresild, who will fly to the space station in October.
36And Japanese businessman, Yusaku Maezawa, will go in December with an assistant to document everything.
37In each case, there will be a professional astronaut supervising things.
38But, Blue Origin and SpaceX's spacecraft do not need pilots.
39Asif Siddiqi is a history professor at Fordham University and the writer of several space books.
40He said it might be necessary to retire the term once hundreds if not thousands of people reach space.
41He questioned, "Are we going to call each and every one of them astronauts?"
42Mike Mullane is a retired NASA astronaut.
43He suggests using astronaut first class, second class, third class.
44He said this could depend on the person's involvement.
45However, Mullane noted, "astronaut is not a copyrighted word. So anybody who wants to call themselves an astronaut can call themselves an astronaut, whether they've been in space or not."
46I'm Jill Robbins.
1As more companies start selling tickets to travel into space, people are asking: Who gets to call themselves an astronaut? 2It is no longer an easy question to answer. People who are very rich are able to pay to go into space. 3Russian space officials have been calling them spaceflight participants for many years. 4The new supervisor of the U.S. space agency NASA is Bill Nelson. He does not consider himself an astronaut although he spent six days in space in 1986. He was a congressman then. 5He told The Associated Press that he believes the term "astronaut" should be for professionals. 6Richard Garriott is a computer game developer. He paid a lot of money for his trip to the International Space Station in 2008 on a Russian spacecraft. He hates the term space tourist. He said in an email, "I am an astronaut." He said he trained for two years to go into space. 7Axiom Space's Michael Lopez-Alegria is a former NASA astronaut. He will join three businessmen on a SpaceX spacecraft on a trip to the space station planned for January. 8They each paid $55 million for the trip. Lopez-Alegria said they do not consider themselves space tourists since they will be doing research. 9Recently, Axiom Space said there will be a second flight to the space station next year. Peggy Whitson will be on that flight. She is a retired NASA astronaut who has spent 665 days in space. 10Whitson will bring John Shoffner. He is a businessman and race car driver from Knoxville, Tennessee. He is also paying about $55 million. Shoffner said he asked Peggy to make the training difficult for him. He said, "Make me an astronaut." 11The word astronaut comes from the Greek words for star and sailor. The idea is easy to market and astronauts appear in movies and popular culture. 12Jeff Bezos is the owner of the rocket company, Blue Origin. It will call future clients "astronauts." It is selling a place on its first spaceflight with people, planned for July. NASA even has a new term for this kind of trip: PAM for Private Astronaut Mission. 13Many individuals want to work as astronauts. More than 12,000 people applied to join NASA's upcoming class. Only about 12 will be chosen in December. 14But many passengers are expected to travel into space soon. There will be Russian actress and movie director, Yulia Peresild, who will fly to the space station in October. And Japanese businessman, Yusaku Maezawa, will go in December with an assistant to document everything. In each case, there will be a professional astronaut supervising things. But, Blue Origin and SpaceX's spacecraft do not need pilots. 15Asif Siddiqi is a history professor at Fordham University and the writer of several space books. He said it might be necessary to retire the term once hundreds if not thousands of people reach space. He questioned, "Are we going to call each and every one of them astronauts?" 16Mike Mullane is a retired NASA astronaut. He suggests using astronaut first class, second class, third class. He said this could depend on the person's involvement. 17However, Mullane noted, "astronaut is not a copyrighted word. So anybody who wants to call themselves an astronaut can call themselves an astronaut, whether they've been in space or not." 18I'm Jill Robbins. 19Marcia Dunn reported this story for The Associated Press. Gregory Stachel adapted it for VOA Learning English. Mario Ritter, Jr. was the editor. 20___________________________________________________________ 21Words in This Story 22ticket - n. piece of paper that allows you to see a show, participate in an event, travel on a vehicle, etc. 23participant - n. a person who is involved in an activity or event 24tourist - n. a person who travels to a place for pleasure 25client - n. a person who pays a professional person or organization for services 26apply -v. to formally ask, usually in writing, for a job, position, training, loan or something similar 27copyrighted - adj. not allowed to be copied without permission from the author or composer